Masters in Highway Engineering

APPLIED STATISTICS FOR HIGHWAY ENGINEERS

Course Objectives

Understand the use of statistical tools to express the traffic data for better interpretation.
Apply probability concept to understand the vehicular flow behavior helping the planners to predict
traffic flow.
Use appropriate statistical testing tools to check the degree of accuracy in the traffic data analysis.
Test the hypothesis and assess the error involved in the data analysis.
Use software tools like MATLAB, MINITAB etc., for analysis of traffic data and also use curve
fitting techniques for predicting the performance trends.

Module – 1

Introduction to statistical methods: Definition, Scope, and Limitations of Statistics. Variables and
their types. Types of data – Primary and Secondary data, sources of secondary data. Scales of
measurement of data. Methods of collection of data. Reliability and Accuracy of data.
Presentation of data -Tabular methods (Frequency distribution for both discrete and continuous data) and
Graphical methods (Bar diagrams, Pie diagrams, Histogram – location of mode using Histogram, Frequency
curves and polygons, Line graph, Ogive curve – location of median using ogives, Scattered diagram.
Advantage and disadvantage of both tabular and graphical methods. Summarizing data. Measure of central
tendency – and Measures of dispersion/ variation. Merits and Demerits of measures of central tendency
and dispersion. Measures of Skewness and Kurtosis.
Activities: Group based assignment using excel to solve problems on frequency distribution, graphical
methods, measures of central tendency and dispersion.

Module -2
Probability & Probability distribution for Traffic Engineering Design: Definition of Sample space,
mutually exclusive, equally likely, independent outcomes, favorable events, Definitions of different types
of probability, addition and multiplication rule of probability, conditional probability, Bayes theorem.
Random variables, Definition of probability mass function (pmf) based on discrete random variable and
probability density function (pdf) based on continuous random variable. Expected value and Variance of
discrete and continuous random variables. Cumulative distribution function.
Joint probability distribution. Special discrete probability distributions like Bernouli, Binomial and Poisson.
Special continuous probability like Normal distribution and Standard normal distributions. Problems based
on probability distributions.
Activities: Group based assignment on finding probabilities of different distribution using excel

Module -3
Sampling Techniques: – Definition of basics concepts of sampling, advantages and disadvantages of
sampling, Probability and non-probability sampling techniques, Sampling variation. Definition of
sampling distribution, sampling distribution of the sample mean (t-distribution), sample variance (Chisquare
distribution), sample proportion (Z-distribution), ratio of sample two sample variance (Fdistribution)
Central limit theorem, Sampling error, Sample size distribution.

Module -4
Statistical Inference: Basics of testing of hypothesis.
Parametric tests: Z-test for mean and proportion, Students’ t-test, F-test, Analysis of Variance
Non-parametric tests: Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact probabilities, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon
signed rank test, Kruskal-Wallis test
Activities: Group based assignment on Students’ t-test and ANOVA using excel

Module -5
Correlation: Definition of correlation, Nature of correlation, Types of correlation, Measures of
correlation
Regression: Curve fitting by the method of least squares, Simple Linear Regression & Multiple
linear regression. Use of statistical software like SPSS, R, Python, MATLAB

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:

Use statistical tools to express the traffic data for better interpretation.
Apply probability concept to understand the vehicular flow behavior helping the planners to predict
traffic flow.
Use appropriate statistical testing tools to check the degree of accuracy in the traffic data analysis.
Test the hypothesis and assess the error involved in the data analysis.
Use software tools like SPSS, R, Python MATLAB etc., for analysis of traffic data and also use curve
fitting techniques for predicting the performance trends.

Text Books:

Johnson R and G Bhattacharya, “Statistics – Principles and methods”- John Wiley & sons, New
york, 1985
L.R Kadiyali, “Traffic Engineering”- Khanna Publishers New Delhi
Kumar Molugaram and G. Shanker Rao, “Statistical Techniques for Transportation Engineering”-
BS Publications
Medhi, “Introduction to statistics”- New Age Pub, New Delhi
Benjamin Jack R and Cornell C Allin, “Probability Statistics & Decisions for Civil Engineers”-
McGraw Hill Co.
Agarwal, B.L, “Basic Statistics”- 3rd edition, New Age Pub. New Delhi.
Martin Wohl, Brian V Martin, “Traffic System Analysis”- Mc Graw Hill Series

PAVEMENT MATERIALS

Course Objectives :

Understand the basic construction materials and their suitability as road materials.
Analyze the aggregates and design aggregate gradation for construction of pavement layers.
Characterize the binder material for bituminous roads and provide an optimum bituminous mix design.
Understand mix design using different materials for various components of a CC pavement.
Understand and propose soil stabilization techniques for highway construction using locally available
materials.

Module -1
Soil Mechanics–
Basic soil properties, methods to determine strength of soil, Soil compaction for use in fill and
subgrade of roads, compaction studies in laboratory and field, properties of
compacted soils; strength characteristics of soil; field testing and applications

Module -2
Aggregates–Origin, classification, Equipment, properties. Tests and specifications on road aggregates
for flexible and rigid pavements. Importance of aggregate gradation problems on Rothfutch’s and
Critical sieve methods and Shape factor in mix design

Module -3
Bituminous binders – different types, properties and uses, physical tests on bitumen, Rheological and
pavement performance related properties, Modified binders, ideal pavement binders, characteristics and
applications in road construction, criteria for selection of different binders, characterization of
bituminous binders.
Bituminous mixes, types, requirements, properties, tests, Marshall Method of mix design, Criteria and
super pave mix design, Additives & Modifiers in Bituminous
mixes, problems on mix design. Performance based mix design

Module -4
Portland cement and cement concrete for use in road works – requirements, design of mix for CC
pavement as per BIS/PCA, use of additives, IRC specifications & Tests, joint filler and sealer materials
and their testing

Module -5
Soil stabilization – principle, methods and tests, proportioning of materials and mix design, application of
Rothfutch’s method. Marginal and waste materials in road construction, their properties and scope in road
construction. Use of Fly-ash in road embankment and cement concrete mixes, use of chemical stabilizers in
road Construction. Use of Natural stabilizers; characterization of stabilized mixes.

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:

Identify and select based on their characteristics the basic construction materials for road construction.
Design aggregate gradation for construction of pavement layers keeping in mind the density and
strength parameters.
Characterize the binder material for bituminous roads and provide an optimum bituminous mix design.
Provide mix design procedure and the base layer for a CC pavement.
Propose soil stabilization techniques for highway construction using locally available materials

Text Books:

S.K. Khanna, C.E.G Justo and A. Veeraragavan, “Highway Engineering”- Nem Chand and Bros.,
Roorkee. Revised 10th Edition.
Freddy L Roberts, Prithvi S Kandhal et al, “Hot Mix Asphalt Materials, mixture design and
construction”- (2nd Edition), National Asphalt Pavement Association Research and Education
Foundation, Maryland, USA
Prithvi Singh Kandhal, “Bituminous Road Construction in India”, PHI Publications,2016, ISBN: 978-81-
203-5258-2
“Bituminous materials in Road Construction”- HMSO Publication.
MoRTH ‘Specifications for Roads and Bridges Works’- Indian Roads Congress.
Relevant IRC/ASTM codes and specifications
Delatte N. J., Concrete Pavement Design, Construction and Performance, CRC Press, Taylor &
Franscis Group, 2014.
Peter C. Taylor, Steven H. Kosmatka, Gerald F. Voigt, et al., Integrated Materials and Construction
Practices for Concrete Pavement: A State of the practice Manual Report No. FHWA HIF-07 – 004,
Available online at https://intrans.iastate.edu/app/uploads/2019/05/IMCP manual pdf,
Accessed on March 17, 2020.
Neville, A.M., Properties of Concrete, Fifth edition, Pearson, 2012.
Mehta, P. K., and Monterio, P. J. M., Concrete: Microstructure, Properties and Materials, Mc Graw
Hill, Fourth Edition, 2013.
Shin-Che Huang and Herve Di Benedetto., Advances in Asphalt Materials: Road and Pavement
Construction, First edition, April 2015.
S. K. Khanna and C.E.G Justo., “Highway Materials Testing”- Nem Chand and Bros., Roorkee.
“Soil Mechanics for Road Engineers” – HMSO Publication.
Highway Hand Book ny FAW, Publication from NUS, Singapore.
Road and Pavement Construction, Shin-Che Huang Hervé Di Benedetto, Hardcover
ISBN: 9780081002698, eBook ISBN: 9780081002711, Imprint: Woodhead Publishing, Published
Date: 1st April, 2015, Page Count: 492

PAVEMENT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Course objectives:

This course will enable students to

Understand the factors affecting pavement design and performance
Evaluate the strength of soil subgrade soil and factors that affect the behavior of soil.
Compute the stresses and deflections in flexible pavement layers under the action of wheel loads.
Design the thickness of flexible pavements by different methods under different exposure conditions and
materials.
Design the thickness of concrete pavements and joints associated with CC pavements in addition to the
computation of stresses in CC pavements.

Module -1
Pavements and pavement layers – types, functions, choice Factors affecting design of flexible, composite and
rigid pavements – Pavement design factors, loads – axle load distribution, ESWL, EWL, VDF due to varying
loads and CSA. Highway and Airfield Pavements
Module -2
Subgrade support – CBR and plate bearing tests, Resilient Modulus, fatigue tests, permanent deformation
Pavement Material Characterization, climatic, drainage and environmental factors, their effects and evaluation.
Factors affecting design and performance of airport pavements.
Module -3
Stresses and Deflection / strain in flexible pavements: Application of elastic
theory, stresses, deflections / strains in single, two and three-layer and multi-layer system, Applications
in pavement design. problems
Module -4
Flexible pavement design: Empirical, semi- empirical and theoretical design approaches, principle,
advantages and application. Design steps by CBR method as per IRC, outline of other common design
methods such as AASHTO and Asphalt
Institute methods, Problems.
Application of IIT PAVE software, ANSYS, KENPAVE, KENLAYER, AASHTOWARE
Module -5
Rigid pavement design: Determination of ESWL, EWL for dual and dual tandem wheel loads in Rigid
pavements, General design principle, Stresses in rigid pavements, stresses due to wheel loads and temperature
variations, design of cement concrete pavements (joints and slab thickness) as per IRC/PCA guidelines. Design
features of CRCP, SFRC and ICBP, Problems.
Application of Design Software.

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:

Get the knowledge of factors affecting pavement design and performance
Evaluate the strength of soil subgrade soil and identify the factors that affect the behavior of soil.
Compute the stresses and deflections in flexible pavement layers under the action of wheel loads.
Design the thickness of flexible pavements by different methods under different exposure conditions and
materials.
Design the thickness of concrete pavements and joints associated with CC pavements in addition to the
computation of stresses in CC pavements.

Text Books:

Yang H. Huang, “Pavement Analysis and Design”, Second Edition, Pearson Education, 2008.
Rajib B. Mallick and Tahar EL-Korchi., “Pavement Engineering Principles and Practice”, Third
Edition, CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group.
Yoder, E. J. and Witczak, M. W., “Principles of Pavement Design”, Second Edition, John Wiley and
sons
Huang, “Pavement Analysis”- Elsevier Publications
David Croney, Paul Croney, “Design & Performance of Road Pavements”- Mc Graw hill Book
Co.
W.Ronald Hudson, Ralph Haas and Zeniswki “Modern Pavement Management”- Mc Graw
Hill and Co.
S.K. Khanna, C.E.G Justo and A. Veeraragavan “Highway Engineering”- Nem Chand and
Bros., Roorkee. Revised 10th Edition.
Relevant IRC Codes

ROAD GEOMETRIC DESIGN

Course objectives:

This course will enable students to

Understand the Geometrical design elements.
Plan the geometric elements for varying conditions of roads.
Examine the geometric elements for highway geometric design.
Judge and propose the geometric element facilities for varying highway conditions

Module -1
Introduction: Importance, Factors governing geometric design, route selection, geometric design consistency,
capacity of rural and urban roads.
Cross Section Elements: Right of way and width consideration, roadway, shoulders, Kerbs, traffic barriers,
medians, service roads, pavement surface characteristics, cross slope, skid resistance, unevenness.
Module -2
Geometric Design Elements for inter-city highways and expressways : Sight Distances-SSD,ISD,OSD, factors
governing sight distances, Design of horizontal alignment-overturning and skidding, super elevation, extra
widening, transition curves, Design of vertical alignment,-gradient, vertical curves
Module -3
Intersection Design: At grade intersections- sight distance consideration and principles of design,
Channelization, mini roundabout, roundabout, Inter-changes- major and minor interchanges, entrance and exit
ramps, acceleration and deceleration lanes.
Module -4
Roadway facilities: Pedestrian facilities, bus bay, truck lay bays, frontage roads, parking areas, cattle crossings,
lighting, toll plazas, and maintenance center, landscaping and tree plantation
Module -5
Geometric Design of Hill Roads: Classification, width of road land, roadway, carriageway, design speed, sight
distances, horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, hairpin bends, passing places, lateral and vertical clearances.
Use of software: Mx Roads/ Open roads,/ Civil 3D

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:

Understand the Geometrical design elements.
Plan the geometric elements for varying conditions of roads.
Examine the geometric elements for highway geometric design.
Judge and propose the geometric element facilities for varying highway conditions.

Text Books:

Highway Engineering, S.K. Khanna, C.E.G Justo and A. Veeraragavan, Nem Chand and Bros.,
Roorkee. Revised 10th Edition, ISBN: 978-8185240930
A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, ( The Green Book) 7th Edition, American
Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Publishers, 2018, ISBN
Number: 978-1-56051-676-7
Geometric Design Projects for Highways: An Introduction, John G Schoon, 2nd Edition, American
Society of Civil Engineers Press, ISBN:978-0-7844-7042-8, 2000
Relevant Indian Road Congress Code Books (IRC)

TRAFFIC ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT

Course objectives:

This course will enable students to

Analyse the factors affecting performance of road traffic and the various traffic studies needed for the
analysis of traffic flow.
Evaluate level of service and capacity of roadways and intersections using traffic data.
Propose and design suitable traffic regulatory system based on traffic requirements such as signs,
signals, markings, etc.
Analyse and design intersections at-grade and grade separated types for smooth and safe movement of
vehicles.
Propose parking facilities, pedestrian facilities and general safety measures required for highways and
expressways

Module -1
Traffic Studies & Analysis: Scope, traffic elements – Characteristics-vehicle, road user :and road –
Traffic studies-speed & delay, traffic volume, O & D, parking and accidents – Sample size, study
methodology – Data analysis & inferences.
Module -2
Traffic Flow Analysis: Macroscopic, Microscopic & Mesoscopic approach – Types of Flow- Traffic
stream characteristics – Space – Time diagram – Relationship between speed, flow & density-Level of
service & capacity analysis – Shockwave theory.
Module -3
Intersection Design: Types of intersections – Conflict diagrams –Control hierarchy- Design of rotaries
& at-grade intersections – Signal design – Grade separated intersections & their warrants.
Module -4
Geometric Design : Cross sections – Sight distances – Super elevation – Horizontal & vertical
alignments – Safety considerations
Road Safety Audit : Global & Local perspective – Road safety issues – Road safety programmes –
Types of RSA, planning, design, construction & operation stage audits – Methodology – Road safety
audit measures
Module -5
Traffic Regulation & Traffic Safety Management : Speed, vehicle, parking, enforcement regulations. Mixed traffic regulation – Management techniques, one-way, tidal flow, turning restrictions etc. –
Transportation System Management Process – TSM planning & Strategies
Use of software: PTV VISSIM / VISUM (Traffic Flow Simulations), SIDRA (intersections),
etc.

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:

Gets the knowledge of factors affecting performance of road traffic and also the traffic studies needed
for the analysis.
Evaluate level of service and capacity of roadways and intersections.
Propose and design suitable traffic regulatory system such as signs, signals, markings, etc.
Analyse and design intersections at-grade and grade separated types for smooth and safe movement
of vehicles.
Propose parking facilities, pedestrian facilities and general safety measures required for highways and
Expressways.

Text Books:

Kadiyali L.R. “Traffic Engineering and Transportation Planning”-Khanna Publication, New
Delhi
Nicholas J.Garber, Lester A. Hoel, “Traffic and Highway Engineering”, Third Edition
Thompson Learning
Salter RJ and Hounsell NB, “Highway, Traffic Analysis and Design”- Macmillan Press Ltd.,
London.
Matson T M, Smith W S , Hurd F W, “ Traffic Engineering, Mc graw Hill Book Co, NY ,
USA.
Drew D R ,” Traffic Flow Theory and Control”, McGraw Hill Book Co, NY, USA.
Wohl and Martin, “Traffic System Analysis of Engineers and Planners”-Mcgraw Hill Book
Co, New York, USA.
May, A.D., Traffic Flow Fundamentals, Prentice – Hall, Inc., New Jersey,1990.
O’Flaherty C A, Highways- Traffic Planning & Engineering, Edward Arnold, UK
Pignataro , “ Traffic Engineering”, John wiley & sons. Nicholas J Garber, Lester A
Hoel, “Traffic & Highway Engineering”- Third edition,
IRC: SP 43 1994 and other Relevant IRC codes
S.K. Khanna, C.E.G Justo and A. Veeraragavan, “Highway Engineering”- Nem Chand and
Bros., Roorkee. Revised 10th Edition.
Indian Highway Capacity Manual (Indo-HCM) CSIR, New Delhi, 2012-2017

PAVEMENT ENGINEERING LAB -I

Course objectives:

The objective of this course is to make students learn
 The procedure and test the basic properties of soil, aggregates, cement and concrete

Tests on soil

Grain size analysis – Wet sieve analysis
Liquid limit, plastic limit & Shrinkage limit
Compaction test
California bearing ratio test and Determination of Effective CBR
Unconfined Compression Strength Test
Field density by sand replacement & Core cutter method
Tests on aggregates
Shape tests – Elongation, Flakiness Index & Combined Index, Angularity Number
Aggregate impact value test
Los Angeles abrasion value test
Specific gravity & Water absorption test
Stripping value test
Tests on cement & concrete
Fineness of Cement
Standard consistency & setting time of cement
Soundness
Compressive strength
Concrete Mix design
Compressive Strength
Flexural strength
Traffic Studies and analysis
Traffic Volume Count at Mid-Block Section
Turning Movement Count at an Intersection
Registration Number Plate Survey
Spot Speed Survey
Speed and Delay Study by Moving Observer Method
Video graphic studies
Origin and Destination Study- Road Side Questionnaire Survey
Parking Inventory & Usage Survey by Patrol
Road safety audit: Construction & Operation stage

Course outcomes:
After the completion of the course students should have
 Acquired the expertise to conduct various tests on soil, aggregates, cement and concrete
 Acquired the expertise to conduct various traffic surveys in the field, analyze and interpret
the data collected.

Course outcomes:
After the completion of the course students should have
 Acquired the expertise to conduct various tests on soil, aggregates, cement and concrete
 Acquired the expertise to conduct various traffic surveys in the field, analyze and interpret
the data collected.

Text Books:

Khanna, S.K., Justo, C.E.G., and A.Veeraragavan , `Highway Materials and Pavement
Testing’, Nem Chand and Bros, Roorkee
Gambhir, M. L., ‘Concrete Manual’, Dhanpat Rai and sons New Delhi
Kadiyali L.R. “Traffic Engineering and Transportation Planning”-Khanna Publication, New
Delhi
Relevant IS and IRC codes

HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

Course objectives:

This course will enable students to

Understand the various equipment used for road construction and difficulties associated with highway
drainage.
Select suitable equipment for preparation of subgrade in cutting or filling and also the preparation steps
for base and sub base layers.
Characteristics of different types of bituminous layers and design of bituminous surfacing along with
safety aspects needed for roads.
Design the base course thickness and selection of materials as base layer for CC pavements.
Analyse the defects in road construction and general pavement failures with remedies.

Module -1
Plants and Equipment: Components of pavement structure, functions and requirements,
Plants and equipment: Excavators, graders, compactors, crushers, bituminous hot mix plants, cement
concrete mixers, pavers – uses in road construction.
Module -2
Construction of Subgrade and Subbase: Specifications and steps for construction of subgrade, subbase,
quality control tests
Construction of granular layers: Specifications and steps of construction, WBM, WMM, CRM, quality
control tests
Construction of Bituminous Layers: Different types of bituminous layers, specifications and construction
of bituminous layers, quality control tests
Module -3
Construction of Cement Concrete Pavements: Specifications and steps for construction
of DLC, Paving Quality Concrete pavements, quality control tests
Specifications and steps for construction of White topping, Interlocking concrete
block pavements, quality control tests. Safety during Construction: Safety aspects during construction
and maintenance works, road safety furniture.
Module -4
Drainage: Assessment of drainage requirements for the road, design of various drainage components,
drainage materials, surface and sub-surface drainage system for roads, drainage of urban roads.
Module -5
Maintenance and Rehabilitation of bituminous and concrete pavements: Routine and periodic
maintenance, preventive and reactive maintenance for drainage and pavements, Preparation of existing
pavement for patching, profile correction, special measures to deal with reflection cracks in pavement overlays,
requirements for rehabilitation, recycling.
Recycling of pavements- cold recycling, hot recycling, Full Depth Reclamation, road construction in water
logged areas, design and construction of RE walls to be added.

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:

Gain the knowledge on the equipment used for road construction and difficulties associated with
highway drainage.
Select suitable equipment for preparation of subgrade and preparation stages for base and sub base
layers.
Design bituminous surfacing and other layers along with safety aspects needed during construction.
Design the base course thickness and select materials for base layer in CC pavements.
Analyze the defects in road construction and general pavement failures and propose suitable remedies

Text Books:

“Highway Engineering”, Khanna and CEG Justo, A. Veeraragavan, Revised 10th edition, published
by Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee, ISBN:978-81-85240-80-0
Prithvi Singh Kandhal, “Bituminous Road Construction in India”, ISBN: 978- 8120352582
Delatte N. J., Concrete Pavement Design, Construction, and Performance, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis
Group, 2014
MoRTH “Specifications for Roads and Bridge Works”- 2013 Fifth revision, Indian Roads Congress
MoRTH “Manual for Construction and Supervision of Bituminous Works”- 2001, Indian Roads
Congress
MoRTH “Manual for Maintenance of Roads”- 1989, Indian Roads Congress
“Pavement Drainage- Theory and Practice”, G.L. Shivakumar Babu, Prithvi S Kandhal, Nivedya
Mandankara Kottayi, Rajib Mallick, A. Veeraragavan
Freddy L Roberts, Prithvi S Kandhal et al, “Hot Mix Asphalt Materials, mixture design and
construction”- (2nd Edition), National Asphalt Pavement Association Research and Education
Foundation, Maryland, USA
National Asphalt Pavement Association “Hot Mix Asphalt Paving Hand book”- 5100 Forbes Boulevard,
Lanhm, Mary Land, USA
“Hand Book on Cement Concrete Roads”- Cement Manufacturers Association, New Delhi
Relevant IRC Codes

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT PREPARATION

Course objectives:
This course will enable students to

Prepare project report for new and up-gradation type road works by conducting necessary
feasibility/detailed studies.
Conduct the soil and material investigations to understand their behavior and performance.
Perform various traffic related studies helping to finalize the project preparations and methods of
forecasting traffic data.
Analyse the social impact of road projects and also determine the economic feasibility analysis for
justification of investments.
Prepare DPR on road projects with relevant drawings and get the knowledge of tendering process for the
construction.

Module -1
Introduction: Various steps of preparation and execution of road projects, Investigations
for preparation of project reports for new and up-gradation of roads. Objects and scope
of pre – feasibility, feasibility and detailed studies for project preparation. Typical HR
structure for preparations and implementation of road projects, Key Acts related to Road
Projects. Salient features of ongoing road projects in India.
Module -2
Topographic surveys and investigations for finalization of horizontal alignment and
vertical profile of roads, Application of GIS. Soil and other Material surveys and
investigations for availability and choice of basic and alternate materials for road
construction and for soil stabilization. Cross drainage structures and drainage surveys,
Interpretation of survey results.
Traffic Surveys and Traffic forecasting: classified traffic volume, growth rate,
projected traffic for assessing road way requirements, origin- destination
characteristics and studies, Axle load / wheel load studies using weigh bridges and
analysis of data for pavement design
Module -3
Geometric Design and General elements: Geometrical elements of rural and urban roads
Cross sectional elements, horizontal and vertical alignment, Intersections-requirements,
capacity of roads, road way facilities: Pedestrian facilities, bus bays, truck lay byes,
traffic, medical and vehicle aid posts, street lighting, road safety audit, road safety
furniture, Mx ROAD
Module -4
Environmental Impact Assessment: Objectives, procedure of environmental
impact assessment, socio economic survey, mitigation measures, Landscaping and
tree plantation, implementation of environment management plan, Key
environmental legislations, clearances required for road project- environmental,
forest, CRZ, wild life, air, noise quality standards

Module -5
Preparation of DPR design details, estimates, BOQ, drawings and detailed project, report, use of
software, Tendering process – Preparation of tender documents for different types of road projects,
Tender evaluation. Salient clauses of tender document, tender evaluation – technical and
Financial.

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:

Prepare project report for new and up-gradation type road works by conducting necessary
Feasibility/detailed studies.
Conduct the soil and material investigations to understand their behaviour and performance.
Analyze the surveys and investigations and select geometry of road
Understand the contract document, evaluation and contract management for road projects Analyse the
social impact of road projects and also determine the economic feasibility analysis for justification of
Investments.
Prepare DPR on road projects with relevant drawings and get the knowledge of tendering process for the
Construction.

Text Books:

L.R.Kadyali, N.B.Lal, “Principles and Practices of Highway Engineering,, Khanna
Publishers
IRC: SP:19 – 2001, Manual for Survey, “Investigation and Preparation of Road Projects”-
(first revision), Indian Roads Congress
IRC: SP: 30 – 1993, “Manual on Economic Evaluation of Highway”- Projects in India (first
revision), Indian Roads Congress
IRC SP – 38,”Manual for Road Investment Decision Model”-1992, Indian Roads Congress
IRC : 9-1972, 35 – 1997,38-1988, 39-1986, 52-2001, 54-974, 62-1976, 64-1990, 66-1976,
67-2001, 69-1977, 73-1980, 79-1981, 80-1981, 86-1983, 98-1997, 99-1988, 103-1988, 104-
1988, 110-1996
MoRTH “Specifications for Road Bridge Works”- 2001, fourth revision, Indian Roads
Congress
MoRTH “Standard and Bidding Document Procurement of Civil Works”- Part I and II,
2000, Indian Roads Congress MoRTH “Model Concession Agreement for Small Road
Projects”-2000, Indian Roads Congress

PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Course objectives:
To make students learn evaluation and prediction of pavement performance, to learn Ranking and economic
optimization of pavement maintenance and rehabilitation and management.

Module -1
Introduction: Components & principals of pavement management systems, pavement maintenance
measures, planning investment, research management. Pavement Management Data Needs, Inventory Data
Needs
Characterizing Pavement performance: Serviceability Performance concept, Pavement Roughness,
Equipment for evaluating roughness, Universal roughness standard, Calibration needs, relating roughness to
serviceability, Applications of Roughness data
Evaluation of Pavement Structural Capacity – Nondestructive measurement and analysis, Destructive
structural evaluation, Structural Capacity Index concepts, Network versus Project level applications of
structural capacity evaluation
Module -2
Evaluation of Pavement Surface distress condition surveys – purpose, methods- manual and automated,
types of distress, distress survey procedures, equipment used
Evaluation of Pavement Safety: skid resistance evaluation – basic concepts , importance of surface texture,
methods of measuring skid resistance, friction management in Pavement Management, Combined measures
of Pavement Quality, Data Base Management, Present status of Pavement networks – Performance
measures, Strategic level pavement management, state of road network in terms of IRI, in terms of Asset
value.
Module -3
Determining Present and future needs and priority programming of rehabilitation and maintenance –
Establishing criteria, prediction models for pavement deterioration, determining needs, Rehabilitation &
Maintenance alternatives and priority programming, Structural design and economic analysis – MEPDG
process for pavement design, Economic evaluation of alternative pavement design strategies and selection of
optimal strategy, Implementation of pavement management system.
Module -4
Design alternatives and Selection: Design objectives and constraints, basic structural response models,
physical design inputs, alternate pavement design strategies and economic evaluation, reliability concepts in
pavement engineering, life cycles costing, analysis of alternate pavement strategies based on distress and
performance, case studies and Problems.
Module -5
Expert systems and Pavement Management: Role of computers in pavement management, applications of
expert systems for managing pavements, expert system for pavement evaluation and rehabilitation, knowledge
– based expert systems, case studies. Implementation of Pavement Management Systems.
Use of softwares: HDM-4/dTIMS.

Course outcomes:
On completion of this course, Students would be able to design alternate pavement management systems
based on life cycle cost analysis.

Text Books:

Ralph Hass, W.Ronald Hudson with Lyne Cowe Falls., “Pavement Asset Management”-Scrivner
Publisher, copyright 2015
Ralph Hass, W. Ronald Hudson. W. R., Zaniewisti .J. “Modern Pavement Management” –
Krieger Publishing Company, Florida, 1994.
Reference Books:
Proceedings of North American Conference on Managing Pavement.
Proceedings of International Conference on Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements.
NCHRP, TRR and TRB Special Reports.
Freddy L Roberts, Prithvi S Kandhal et al, “Hot Mix Asphalt Materials, mixture design and
construction”- (2nd Edition), National Asphalt Pavement Association Research and Education
Foundation, Maryland, USA.
Highway Hand Book by FAW, Publication from NUS, Singapore.
Nicholas J.Garber, Lester A. Hoel, “Traffic and Highway Engineering”, Third Edition
Thompson Learning
IRC 81, 1997, GUIDELINES FOR STRENGTHENING OF FLEXIBLE ROAD PAVEMENTS
USING BENKELMAN BEAM DEFLECTION TECHNIQUE
IRC SP 16, 2004 Guidelines for Surface Evenness of Highway Pavements

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT & SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Course objectives:
This course will enable students to
 Understand the importance of safety in construction industry.
 Understand different types of equipment used in construction and its economic consideration

Module 1
Plants and Equipment for production of materials: Crushers, mixers, bituminous mixing plants, concrete
mixing plants, advantages, choice.
Module 2
Construction Equipment: Operations, applications and performance of dozers, excavators, graders,
compactors, pavers, haulers, crawler, wheel tractors, power shovels, Cranes, hauling equipment’s
Module 3
Selection of Construction Equipment: Task considerations, cost considerations, engineering
considerations, equipment acquisition options, Maintenance of Equipment: Repairs, log maintenance,
safety during operation, economical life of equipment
Module 4
Safety in Use of Construction equipment’s: Human Factors in Construction Safety management
Motivation: Management, Supervisors, Workers, Motivational schemes
Module 5:
Safety Management: Role of first line supervisors, Role of middle managers, Role of workers, top
management practices, safety audit, Safety in site preparation, Design, safety culture, Top Management,
Company Activities and Safety – Safety Personnel, Sub-contractual Obligation – Project Coordination
and Safety Procedures

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:
 Identify and understand use of equipment and its benefits.
 Understand necessity of safety management.
 Identify importance of safety with respect to Client, contractor and sub-contractors.

Text Books:

Peurifoy, R.L., Ledbette. W.B., Construction Planning, Equipment and Methods, McGraw Hill
Co.,
Antil J.M., Civil Engineering Construction, McGraw Hill Book Co.
K.K. Chitkara. “Construction Project Management Planning, Scheduling and
Controlling”- Tata McGraw Hill publications
S.C. Sharma “Construction Equipment and its Management”- Khanna Publishers
IRC “A Manual for the Application of Critical Path Method to Highway Projects in India”
Nhai.org, pmgsy.nic.in websites
Hand Book on Construction Safety Practices, SP 70, BIS 2001.
Jimmy W. Hinze, Construction Safety, Prentice Hall Inc., 1997
Richard J. Coble, Jimmie Hinze and Theo C. Haupt, Construction Safety and Health

DESIGN OF BRIDGE AND GRADE SEPARATED STRUCTURES

Course objectives:

This course will enable students to

Understand the types and components of a bridge with specifications for designing them for
highways.
Understand the use of different types of bridge bearings, their installation and maintenance aspects
under the action of vehicular loads.
Understand the design aspects of bridge approaches for RCC, PSC and Steel bridges.
Analyse the loading conditions on the bridges and design the elements as per IRC load specifications.
Understand the quality control measures during the execution of bridges both for substructure and
super structure portions of the bridge

Module -1
Introduction to Bridges: Basic Elements of a Bridge.
Types of bridges and grade separated structures for highways, standard
Specifications for road bridges and grade separated structures to fulfill traffic and Structural and
Hydraulic design requirements.
Module -2
Bridge bearings- joints, approaches, construction and maintenance aspects.
Module -3
Basic design approaches of RCC, PSC and steel bridges superstructure. Types of bridges for IRC
loading conditions
Module -4
General Design Considerations for grade separated structures and their choices,
IRC Class AA Tracked and Wheeled Loading Analysis, Problems.
Module -5
Introduction to Construction Specification and quality control:
for foundations and substructures of bridges and Grade separated Interchanges
– Types, warrants and Design standards. Concept of evaluation of existing bridge structures.
Methods of rehabilitation and widening.

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:

Design the components of a bridge following the specifications for highways.
Get the knowledge of bridge bearings, their installation and maintenance aspects to withstand
vehicular loads.
Understand the design aspects of bridge approaches for RCC, PSC and Steel bridges.
Analyse the IRC loading conditions for the design of bridges.
Understand the quality control measures during the execution of bridges both for substructure and
super structure portions of the bridge.

Text Books:

D.Johnson Victor, “Essentials of bridge Engineering”- Oxford, IBH publishing company.
Ponnuswamy, “Bridge Engineering”-McGraw Hill Publication, 1989.
Relevant IRC codes
Vazirani Ratwani & M.G.Aswani, “Design of Concrete Bridges”- Khanna Publishers, New Delhi
“Design of Bridges”- Dr. Krishna Raju, Oxford & IBH Publishing Company Limited.
“Analysis and design of Bridges”- M.A.Jayaram, Sapna Publishers, Bangalore.

GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES

Course objectives:
This course will enable students to:
Introduce the various types of improvement methods of engineering properties soils
Introduce the application of engineering methods to ground improvement projects
Basic knowledge on various 323 and their suitability for various types of soil conditions
The skills of implementation of geotechnical knowledge in field situations

Module -1
Introduction – Need and objectives of ground improvement, classification of ground modification
techniques, trends in ground improvement, Engineering properties of
soft, weak and compressible deposits; Principles of treatment; Methods of compaction: Blasting,
dynamic consolidation, pre-compression and compaction piles.
Module -2
Methods of dewatering: Open sumps and ditches, well point system, electro- osmosis, Vacuum
dewatering wells; pre-loading without and with sand drains, strip drains and rope drains.
Stabilization: With admixtures like cement, lime, calcium chloride, fly ash and bitumen. Methods of
soil improvement-lime stabilization and injection; thermal, electrical and chemical methods.
Module -3
Soil reinforcement: Reinforcing materials, concept of confinement, Gabbion walls; Dynamic
consolidation, Vibro flotation, Pre-consolidation with vertical drains,
Granular piles, Soil nailing, Anchors & Thermal methods.
Module -4
Improvement of Foundation Soils
(a) Improvement of granular soils: Terms used to describe degree of compactness – relative density,
density ratio and degree of compaction; Methods-Vibration at ground surface, factors influencing roller
compaction; deep dynamic compaction, vibro- compaction impact at depth.
(b) Improvement of cohesive soils: Preloading, or dewatering, methods of installing: sand drains, drain
wicks, electrical and thermal methods.
Module -5
Grouting: Materials of grouting, grouting techniques and control; purpose, functions, types of
grouts; soil bentonite – cement mix; Emulsions & solutions; grout injection methods; Geo-synthetics:
types, functions & Classification of geo-textiles. Specific Applications: Bearing capacity
improvement, reinforcement, Retaining walls, embankment etc.

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:

Analyse the need for ground improvement in weak and soft soils with likely modifications to improve their
performance.
Decide on suitable dewatering method in soils to improve their performance as highway material.
Apply appropriate soil strengthening techniques by stabilisation using either by lime, cement, flyash or
bitumen.
Evaluate the strengthening techniques by reinforcing bars or anchoring methods depending on the type of
soil.
Use ground improvement techniques such as geo-synthetics or grouting for cohesive soils.

Text Books:

Manfred R. Hansmann – Engineering principles of ground modification – Me. Graw-Hill pub.
Co., NewYork.
Robert M. Koerner – Construction and Geotechnical methods in Foundation Engineering – MC.Graw-
Hill Pub. Co., New York.
Winterkorn and Fang – Foundation Engineering Hand Book – Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,New
York.
Aris C. Stamatopoulos & Panaghiotis C. Kotzios – Soil Improvement by Preloading – John
Wiley & Sons Inc. Canada.
P. Purushothama Rao – Ground Improvement Techniques – Laxmi Publications

SOIL MECHANICS FOR PAVEMENT ENGINEERS

Course objectives:

This course will enable students to

Understand the properties and behavior as a highway material under the application of wheel loads.
Understand and compare the shear strength of soil and stability of slopes when used as subgrade soil
and embankment fills or cut slopes
Understand the permeability characteristics of soils to design proper drainage system and various
investigations required to assess the soil properties.
Understand the type and soil composition affecting the surface runoff and sub-surface water flow in
order to design proper drainage system.
Analyse lack of strength or instability problems in soils due to soil formation or any other reasons and
propose suitable strengthening methods for the same

Module -1
Introduction: Soil Mechanics applications to Highway / Infrastructure Engineering. Soil formations,
Types, Regional Soil deposits of India, Index properties, their determination, importance, various soil
classification systems, HRB classification, problems on these.
Soil Compaction: Introduction, Lab Tests, Factors affecting, Structure & Engineering behavior of
compacted cohesive soil, Field compaction specifications, Field compaction control, Different types
of Equipment used for compaction, their choice.
Module -2
Shear strength of soil: Introduction, Importance, Measurements, shear strength of clay, Sand, Elastic
properties of soil – Tangent, Secant modulus, Stress – Strain curves, Poisson’s ratio, Shear Modulus.
Stability of slopes: Introduction, Types, Different methods of analysis of slopes for
Øu+0 & C-Ø soil, Location of most critical circle, Earth dam slopes stability, Taylor’s stability
number. Effect of Earthquake Force, problems on above.
Module -3
Permeability of soil: Darcy’s Law, Validity, Soil-water system, Types, Determination
of permeability, problems.
Site Investigation: Introduction, Planning exploration programmes, Methods, Samplers, SPT,
Subsoil investigation Report, Geophysical methods.
Module -4
Special attention for subgrade condition: Problematic soils, compressible &collapsible soils,
swelling, subsurface water, frost-susceptible soils.
Surface drainage, Sub-surface drainage, methods, Design of subsurface drainage system, soil
stabilization, soil encapsulation. Base layer requirement-erodibility of bases, bound bases, modified
or treated bases, base reinforcement
Highway Drainage: Introduction, Importance, Surface drainage, Sub-surface
drainage, methods, Design of subsurface drainage system, Road construction in water logged areas,
Landslides – definition, classifies, factors producing.
Module -5
Reinforced Earth structures Introduction, Components, Advantages, Types of
stability – external, Internal, (No problems), Geo textiles – types, Functions, their uses in road
embankments and railway works, other uses. Landslides – definition, classifies, factors producing

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:

Analyse the wheel load effects on pavement materials
Evaluate and compare the shear strength of soil and stability of slopes when used as pavement
component.
Design proper drainage system by knowing the permeability characteristics of soils.
Design surface runoff and sub-surface drainage system as per field conditions
Propose suitable strengthening methods for soil from the knowledge of lack of strength or instability in
soils.

Text Books:

“Basic and Applied soil Mechanics”, Gopal Ranjan, ASR Rao, New Age International
Publishers.
“Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engg”, Dr.B.C. Punmia, Ashok Kumar Jain, Arun Kumar
Jain, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd, 16th edition.
S.K. Khanna, C.E.G Justo and A. Veeraragavan, “Highway Engineering”- Nem Chand and
Bros., Roorkee. Revised 10th Edition.
“Geotechnical aspects of pavement reference manual”, US department of transportation,
Publication no: FHWA NHI-05-037, Federal Highway Administration, May 2006, NHI course
no:132040
“Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engg” – K.R. Arora Standard Publishers Distributors.
“Soil Mechanics for road Engineers” – HMSO, London.
IRC – Relevant Codes.

SPECIAL CONCRETE

Course objectives:

This course will enable students to

To understand the factors affecting pavement design and performance of Rural Roads.
To relate the concepts of Highway Geometric design to that of Rural roads
To design the Special pavements which form alternatives for Rural Roads.
To understand the concepts of design of drainage, CD works and small bridges which form
essential structures of Rural roads

Module -1
Brief Review of Conventional Concrete and Constituent Materials: Different types of blended cement &
their salient properties, including cement binding materials (fly ash, condensed silica fumes, GGBS and
other fine fillers), concrete aggregates- classification, Salient features of concrete mix design as per Indian
standard (IS:10262:2009).
Module -2
Light Weight and High Density Concrete: Definition, Proportioning, Properties and Applications.
Pumped concrete: Introduction, Types of concrete pump, Requirements of a concrete for pumping,
Effects of aggregates, cement and admixtures on the pumpability of concrete, Workability of Pumpable of
Concrete – Rheology of Concrete- Introduction, measuring the rheological parameters and techniques.
Module -3
Self-compacting concrete: Introduction, Materials, Mix design of SCC, Fresh and Hardened Properties of
SCC.
Geo-polymer Concrete: Brief history of development, Definition, Reaction chemistry, material
characterization, mix proportioning, properties and applications
Module -4
Fiber-reinforced Concrete: Brief Introduction on FRC, Mix design of FRC, Behaviour of hardened FRC
under compression, tension flexure and impact, SIFCON, Ductal Concrete.
Concrete Fracture Mechanics – Brief introduction, Fracture Mechanics in Concrete – Concept.
Module -5
Recycled concrete: Introduction, properties of recycled aggregate, Methods of recycling and quality,
Applications.
Waste Materials in Concrete: Introduction, waste material, waste glass, waste
plastic and waste rubber. Brief introduction on low strength mortars and its applications

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:

Identify ingredient of concrete material characteristics and different types of concrete for their
appropriate use in construction.
Design special concrete mixes like Self-compacted concrete and Geo-polymer
Concrete mixes and asses the fresh and hardened properties using various guidelines.
Determine the compressive strength of concrete structures by Non Destructive Methods

Text Books:

A. M. Neville, Properties of Concrete, Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd.
P. Kumar Mehta and Paulo J. M. Monteiro, “Concrete Microstructure, Properties, and Materials”-
McGraw Hill Education
John Newman and Ban Seng Choo, Advanced Concrete Technology, ISBN 0 7506 5105 9, Elsevier
Ltd.
Concrete Construction Engineering Handbook by Dr. Edward G. Nawy, CPC Press, 2nd Edition,
ISBN 9780849374920.
Joseph A. Daczko, Self-Compacted Concrete by-Applying what we know, CPC Press, ISBN-13: 978-
0-203-84422-9

ROAD SAFETY ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

Course objectives:

This course will enable students to

Analyze the effect of driver characteristics, roadway characteristics, and climatic factors on highway
safety.
Plan and design a road safety improvement program.
Analyze accident data and suggest safety measures.
Conduct road safety audit.
Interpret accident data using statistical analysis

Module 1
Highway Safety in India: traffic crashes on Indian highways, traffic on national highways and state highways,
safety on national highways.
Introduction to safety: Road accidents, Trends, causes, Collision and Condition diagrams, Highway safety,
human factors, Vehicle factors Road Safety Management System: Multi-causal dynamic systems approach to
safety, crash vs accident, road safety improvement strategies, elements of a road safety plan, Safety Data
Needs.
Module 2
Statistical Interpretation and Analysis of Crash Data: Before-after methods in crash analysis, Advanced
statistical methods, Black Spot Identification & Investigations, Case Studies. Urban Safety and Mobility,
Traffic Calming.
Module 3
Road Safety Audits: Key elements of a road safety audit, Road Safety Audits & Investigations, Crash
investigation and analysis, Describe methods for identifying hazardous road locations, Vulnerable Road Users,
Case Studies.
Module 4
Crash Reconstruction: Describe the basic information that can be obtained from the roadway surface,
Understand basic physics related to crash reconstruction, speed for various skid, friction, drag, and acceleration
scenarios, variables involved in jump and flip crashes, variables involved in pedestrian crashes, Case Studies.
Module 5
Mitigation Measures: Accident prevention by better planning, Accident prevention by
better design of roads, Crash Countermeasures, Highway operation and accident control measures, Highway
Safety Measures during construction, Highway geometry and safety.
Road safety management, road safety policy-making, stakeholders involved, developing the road safety
management system, capacity building.

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:

Analyze the effect of driver characteristics, roadway characteristics, and climatic factors on highway
safety.
Plan and design a road safety improvement program.
Analyze accident data and suggest safety measures.
Conduct road safety audit.
Interpret accident data using statistical analysis

Text Books:

V.F. Babkov “Road Conditions and Traffic Safety”, Mir Publishers.
Pignataro , “ Traffic Engineering”, John wiley & sons.
Nicholas J Garber, Lester A Hoel, “Traffic & Highway Engineering”- Third edition, Thompson
Learning
Ogden, K.W. Safer Roads: A Guide to Road Safety Engineering. Avebury Technical, 1996.
Martin Belcher, Steve Proctor and Phil Cook, Practical Road Safety Auditing, Third edition, ICE
Publications, 2015
Gitam Tiwari, Dinesh Mohan, “ Transport Planning and Traffic Safety-making cities, roads & vehicles
safer”, Published by CRC Press, ISBN-9781498751452
Ezra Hauer, Observational Before-After Studies in Road Safety, Pergamon Press, 1997
(reprinted 2002)
Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), The Traffic Safety Toolbox: A Primer on Traffic Safety,
ITE, 1999.
J. Stannard Baker, Traffic Collision Investigation, Northwestern University Center for Public Safety,
2002.
Leonard Evans, Traffic Safety, Science Serving Society, 2004.
Lynn B. Fricke, Traffic Accident Reconstruction, Northwestern University Center for Public Safety,
1990.
Popkess C.A, Traffic Control and Road Accident Prevention, Chapman and Hall, 1997
Rune Elvik and Truls Vaa,, The Handbook of Road Safety Measures, Elsevier, 2004.
Simon Washington, Matthew Karlaftis, and Fred Mannering, Statistical and Econometric Methods for
Transportation Data Analysis, Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, 2003.
Towards Safe Roads in Developing country, TRL – ODA, 2004.
https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/isbn/9780727760166
https://www.routledge.com/Transport-Planning-and-Traffic-Safety-Making-Cities-Roads-and-
Vehicles/Tiwari-Mohan/p/book/9781498751452
https://www.amazon.in/Highway-Design-Traffic-Engineering-Handbook/dp/0070382956

URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Course objectives:

This course will enable students to

Understand the various options for urban public transportation and recommend suitable mode for the
given situation.
Conduct economic analysis between different transport modes and suggest most economical and
efficient mode under the given set of conditions.
Understand the management of public transport system and developing strategies for efficient
functioning of the system.
Carry out the evaluation of capacities of the system parameters such as routes, junctions, stations etc,
to know the performance of the system.
Forecast the future transportation needs and variations in system components so as to plan for the
transportation system requirements.

Module -1
System and Technologies: Urban passenger transportation modes, transit classifications and definitions,
theory of urban passenger transport modes, rail transit, bus transit, Metro and Mono Rail, Para transit
and ride sharing,
designing for pedestrians, trends in transit rider ship and use of different modes.
Module -2
Comparing Alternatives: Comparing costs, comparative analysis, operational and
Technological characteristics of different rapid transit modes, evaluating rapid transit, Problems.
Module -3
Planning: Transportation system management, system and service planning, financing public
transportation, management of public transportation, public Transportation marketing.
Module -4
Transit System Evaluation: Definition of quantitative performance attributes, transit lane capacity,
way capacity, station capacity, theoretical and practical Capacities of major transit modes,
quantification of performance, Problems.
Module -5
Urban traffic: Classification of transportation systems, conventional transportation systems, nonconventional
transportation systems, prototypes and tomorrow’s solutions, analysis and interpretation of
information on transportation systems, perspectives of future transportation.

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:

Understand the various options for urban public transportation and recommend suitable mode for the
given situation.
Conduct economic analysis between different transport modes and suggest most economical and
efficient mode under the given set of conditions.
Understand the management of public transport system and developing strategies for efficient
functioning of the system.
Carry out the evaluation of capacities of the system parameters such as routes, junctions, stations etc,
to know the performance of the system.
Forecast the future transportation needs and variations in system components so as to plan for the
transportation system requirements.

Text Books:

George E. Gray and Lester A. Hoel, ‘Public Transportation’, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
Vukan R. Vuchic, ‘Urban Public Transportation Systems and Technology’, Prentice Hall Inc.,
New Jersey.
Horst R. Weigelt, Rainer E. Gotz, Helmut H. Weiss,’ City Traffic – A Systems Digest’, Van
Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York
John W. Dickey,’ Metropolitan Transportation Planning’, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
New Delhi.

INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

Course objectives:

This course will enable students to

Have an awareness and scope of transport issues, such as, traffic safety, public transport, advanced
vehicle management and control.
Learn how Intelligent transport systems (ITS) involve the application of information technology and
telecommunications to control traffic, inform travellers and drivers, operate public transport,
automating payments, handle emergencies and incidents, operate commercial fleets and freight
exchange, and automate driving and safety.

Module -1
Introduction To Intelligent Transport System : Definition Objectives, Historical Background, Benefits
of ITS – Introduction to Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL), Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI),
Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Traffic control and monitoring aspects.
Intelligent Supporting Technologies : Wireless communications, Standards and Cellular Technology,
ITS Data acquisition and processing, Hardware and Software–Micro-Controllers
Module -2
Intelligent Supporting Technologies: PLC, Embedded systems, Ubiquitous Computing, Sensing
Technologies, Detectors/Detection Techniques—Triangulation Technique, Inductive loop detection, Video
vehicle detection, Microwave detection etc. Global Positioning System (GPS)
Module -3
Components Of ITS: Theories of elastic and plastic behavior of soils. Function: Stability of embankment,
Reinforcing embankment and fibers, Methods of reducing settlement due to consolidation in foundations
of road embankment. Vertical Sand Drains: Design criteria, constriction and uses.
Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS): Traffic density, Variable message signs, Parking
guidance, Weather information
Advance Vehicle Monitoring Systems : Security CCTV systems, Wireless Sensor Network and RFID
Module -4
Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO): Emergency Vehicle Notification Systems, Automatic Road
Enforcement, Variable Speed Limits, Collision Avoidance Systems, Dynamic Traffic Light Sequence,
Cooperative Systems On The Road, Automatic Number Plate Recognition By Image Processing.
Module -5
ITS Applications : Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) Advanced Vehicle Control Systems
(AVCS), Public Transportation Systems (APTS), Advanced Rural Transportation Systems (ARTS),
Automated Highway Systems
ITS Programs In the World: Overview of ITS implementations in developed countries, ITS in
developing countries.

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students would be able to suggest the appropriate system/s in various functional
areas of transportation.
Would be able to amalgamate the various systems, plan and implement the applications of ITS. Would
have learnt the application of information technology and telecommunication to control traffic and also
provide advance information to the travellers, automatic handling of emergencies and to improve safety.

Text Books:

Sumit Ghos and Tony Lee, Intelligent Transportation Systems, CRC Press, ISBN: 0849300673.
Chris Drane andC. R. Drane, Positioning Systems in Intelligent Transportation Systems, Artech
House Publishers, ISBN: 0890065365.
Choudury M A and Sadek A, “Fundamentals of Intelligent Transportation Systems Planning”
Artech House.
Kan Paul Chen, John Miles, “Recommendations for World Road Association (PIARC)” ITS Hand
Book 2000.
Sussman, J. M., “Perspective on ITS”, Artech House Publishers, 2005.
US Department of Transportation, “National ITS Architecture Documentation”, 2007 (CDROM).
Turban. E and Aronson. J. E, “Decision Support Sys tems and Intelligent Systems”, Prentice Hall
Judy Mc Queen and Bob Mc Queen, Intelligent Transportation System and Architecture, Artech
House Publishers, ISBN: 089006525X
Asad J. Khattak , Intelligent Transportation Systems: Planning, Operations, and Evaluation, CRC
Press

SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION

Course objectives:

This course will enable students to

Understand the difficulties of road construction in weak and marshy soils and necessary precautions
to be taken during design and construction.
Understand the methods of strengthening soil fills and embankments to improve their performance as
pavement component layer.
Understand the difficulties associated with construction of high embankments and maintaining
stability of hill slopes with precautions to be taken.
Understand the use of recycled materials in road construction including milled bituminous waste with
necessary design methodology.
Understand the design and construction of roads in coastal and desert environments with exclusive
exposure conditions.

Module -1
Problems of construction of roads in marshy areas and weak / expansive soils and water- logged –
areas. Various effective measures for solving the problems, machinery required and method of construction.
Control of water table, capillary rise and seepage flow in road construction. Design and construction of
filter drains and capillary cut-off. Construction of subgrade in marshy areas and weak / expansive soils and
water- logged – areas.
Module -2
Methods of strengthening weak foundation soil, acceleration of consolidation and settlement of
compressible embankment foundation, vertical sand drains -Application, design and construction method.
Module -3
Problems in construction of high embankments, stability of foundation and embankment slopes. Stability of
hill slopes, control of erosion.
Module -4
Use of special materials such as geo-synthetics for drainage and in pavement layers. Use of reinforced
earth retaining walls, Nailing Technique, Techniques of pavement construction using recycled materials –
cold and hot mix recycling of bituminous materials.
Module -5
Special construction techniques – construction techniques of cell filled concrete Pavements – design,
economics and construction method, and its application. Road construction on desert region and coastal
areas, alternative methods, Special problems in construction & maintenance of hill roads, land slide,
causes, investigation, and preventive and remedial measures, protection of embankment and cut slopes.

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:

Get the knowledge about the difficulties of road construction in weak and marshy soils and the
precautions to be taken.
Suggest improvement methods of strengthening soil fills and embankments to be a pavement layer.
Know the difficulties associated with construction of high embankments and maintaining hill slopes
stability.
Use recycled materials in road construction with appropriate design methods.
Provide design and construction methods for roads in coastal and desert environments.

Text Books:

R.M. Koerner “Designing with Geosynthetics”- 4th Edition Prentice Hall, New Jerssey, 1997.
Geotechnical Aspects of Pavements Reference Manual / Participant Workbook U.S. Department of
Transportation Publication No. FHWA NHI-05-037 Federal Highway Administration May 2006,
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/geotech/pubs/05037/05037.pdf
Pavement Drainage- Theory and Practice”, G.L. Shivakumar Babu, Prithvi S Kandhal, Nivedya
Mandankara Kottayi, Rajib Mallick, A. Veeraragavan, CRC Press
IRC-75 “Guidelines for the design of High embankments”- IRC, 2015
Leonards G.A. “Foundation engineering”- McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, 1962.
Cedgreen H.R. “Drainage of highway and airfield pavement”- John Willey and Sons.Inc.,
New York, 1974.
G. Kassiff M. Livnet. G. Wisemen “Pavements on Expansive clays”– Jerusalem Academy
Press, Jerusalem. Israel, 1969.
R.D. Krebs & R.D.Walker “Highway Materials”- McGraw Hill Book House, New York,
1971.

SUSTAINBLE CONCRETE PAVEMENTS

Course objectives:
This course will enable students to
 To provide fundamental understanding of conventional and alternative materials available for the
construction of cement concrete pavements.
 To provide thorough knowledge of the various factors influencing the design, construction,
performance, and durability of cement concrete pavements.

Module 1
Sustainable Construction Materials – Marginal materials, recycled materials, design aspects, construction
practices using non-conventional materials and methods, milling and recycling techniques.
Module 2
Energy Savings in Construction – Fundamentals of energy – Energy production systems, Energy and resource
conservation, Energy efficient design strategies, Renewable energy sources – advantages and disadvantages;
Energy management and conservation: electrical equipment – Improvement of power factor -maximum
energy demand.
Module 3
Energy savings in electrical appliances used in buildings (pumps, fans, Compressed air systems,
lighting systems, Air conditioning systems):
Energy in building materials, energy efficient and environment friendly building: Thermal comfort and solar
radiations
Module 4
Green building rating system: Introduction to IGBC and LEED rating systems – various criteria for building
rating.
Module 5
Pollutions and Management: air, water, noise pollutions and reduction measures during planning, design and
construction;

Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:

Develop a strategy to assess the suitability of different materials and concrete mixes for rigid pavements.
Compare and design different types of long-lasting paving quality concrete mixes.
Develop strategies to construct, maintain, and repair various types of cement concrete pavements.
Determine the compressive strength of concrete structures by Non Destructive Methods.

Text Books:

Delatte N. J., Concrete Pavement Design, Construction, and Performance, CRC Press, Taylor &
Francis Group, 2014.
A. M. Neville, Properties of Concrete, Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd.
Peter C. Taylor, Steven H. Kosmatka, Gerald F. Voigt, et al., Integrated Materials and Construction
Practices for Concrete Pavement: A State-of-the-Practice Manual. Report No. FHWA HIF-07 – 004,
Available online at https://intrans.iastate.edu/app/uploads/2019/05/IMCP_manual.pdf .
Accessed on March 17, 2020
Neville, A.M., Properties of Concrete, Fifth Edition, Pearson, 2012.
Mehta, P. K., and Monteiro, P. J. M., Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials, Mc Graw
Hill, Fourth Edition, 2013.
Griffiths, G., and Thom, N., Concrete Pavement Design Guidance Notes, First Edition, CRC Press,
2019.
Harrington, D., Abdo, F., Adaska, W., and Hazaree, C., Guide for Roller Compacted Concrete
Pavements, Portland Cement Association, 2010.
Tayabji S., Precast Concrete Pavement Technology Implementation, Report No. FHWA-HIF-19-
013, 2019.
All relevant codes/standards from Indian Roads Congress (IRC), Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS),
American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM), and American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO)